1,277 research outputs found
Further Evidence that the Redshifts of AGN Galaxies May Contain Intrinsic Components
In the decreasing intrinsic redshift (DIR) model galaxies are assumed to be
born as compact objects that have been ejected with large intrinsic redshift
components, z_(i), out of the nuclei of mature AGN galaxies. As young AGN
(quasars) they are initially several magnitudes sub-luminous to mature galaxies
but their luminosity gradually increases over 10^8 yrs, as z_(i) decreases and
they evolve into mature AGN (Seyferts and radio galaxies). Evidence presented
here that low- and intermediate-redshift AGN are unquestionably sub-luminous to
radio galaxies is then strong support for this model and makes it likely that
the high-redshift AGN (quasars) are also sub-luminous, having simply been
pushed above the radio galaxies on a logz-m_(v) plot by the presence of a large
intrinsic component in their redshifts. An increase in luminosity below z =
0.06 is also seen. It is associated in the DIR model with an increase in
luminosity as the sources mature but, if real, is difficult to interpret in the
cosmological redshift (CR) model since at this low redshift it is unlikely to
be associated with a higher star formation rate or an increase in the material
used to build galaxies. Whether it might be possible in the CR model to explain
these results by selection effects is also examined.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures. Contains response to referees suggestions.
(Accepted for ApJL
Civil Religion and Ontological Threat
Dyadic conflict research within international relations is largely reliant on the analysis of differences in regime or leadership characteristics as a catalyst for conflict. This dissertation challenges traditional scholarship through the introduction of a unique approach that examines more fundamental differences between states. These fundamental historical and cultural differences, which are enshrined in a states\u27 civil religion, offer insights into the behavior of states during crisis. The three primary questions of this dissertation are the following: What role does societal norms and cultural values have in threat perception? Why do states practice restraint in some crises and escalation of belligerence in others? Why do some conflicts result in brutal wars and others in limited wars? The theoretical expectation is that greater cultural and historical differences between states reduces the bargaining range for states to resolve crises, resulting in the escalation of tensions. In order to demonstrate empirical support for these claims, a mixed-methods approach is utilized. The quantitative analysis will be conducted to determine the generalizability and applicability of differences in civil religion on hostilities and escalation of crisis between dyads. The qualitative analysis will expound on the historical narratives of three pairs of dyads, which include the same state involved in two crises. These case studies will demonstrate how crises between certain dyads are escalated because of ontological threat perception. Furthermore, these case studies also demonstrate how the severity and brutality of war can vary dramatically between different dyads
Evidence for Intrinsic Redshifts in Normal Spiral Galaxies
The Tully-Fisher Relationship (TFR) is utilized to identify anomalous
redshifts in normal spiral galaxies. Three redshift anomalies are identified in
this analysis: (1) Several clusters of galaxies are examined in which late type
spirals have significant excess redshifts relative to early type spirals in the
same clusters, (2) Galaxies of morphology similar to ScI galaxies are found to
have a systematic excess redshift relative to the redshifts expected if the
Hubble Constant is 72 km s-1 Mpc-1, (3) individual galaxies, pairs, and groups
are identified which strongly deviate from the predictions of a smooth Hubble
flow. These redshift deviations are significantly larger than can be explained
by peculiar motions and TFR errors. It is concluded that the redshift anomalies
identified in this analysis are consistent with previous claims for large
non-cosmological (intrinsic) redshifts.Comment: Accepted for publication at Astrophysics&Space Science. 36 pages
including 8 tables and 7 figure
The Surroundings of Disturbed, Active Galaxies
The brightest apparent magnitude examples of ultra luminous infrared galaxies
(ULIRG's) are studied here in X-ray, optical, infrared and radio wavelengths.
It is is found that they have associated material reaching out to apparent
diameters of the order of a degree on the sky.
Gas, dust, X-ray material and quasars appear to be ejected from the active
nuclei with all objects nearer than their redshift distances.Comment: 14 pages, Figs. 1-28 jpg and gif file
The dryout region in frictionally heated sliding contacts
Some conditions under which boiling and two-phase flow can occur in or near a wet sliding contact are determined and illustrated. The experimental apparatus consisted of a tool pressed against an instrumented slider plate and motion picture sequences at 4000 frames/sec. The temperature and photographic data demonstrated surface conditions of boiling, drying, trapped gas evolution (solutions), and volatility of fluid mixture components. The theoretical modeling and analysis are in reasonable agreement with experimental data
Coordinates and 2MASS and OGLE identifications for all stars in Arp's 1965 finding chart for Baade's Window
Aims: We seek to provide 2MASS and OGLE identifications and coordinates for
all stars in the finding chart published by Arp\,(1965). This chart covers the
low extinction area around NGC 6522, also known as Baade's window, at
coordinates (l,b)=(1.02,-3.92).
Methods: A cross correlation, using numerical techniques, was performed
between a scan of the original finding chart from Arp (1965) and 2MASS and
OGLE-II images and stellar coordinates.
Results: We provide coordinates for all stars in Arp's finding chart and
2MASS and OGLE identifications wherever possible. Two identifications in
quadrant II do not appear in the original finding chart.Comment: 30 pages, accepted by A&A as a Research Not
Intrinsic Redshifts and the Tully-Fisher Distance Scale
The Tully-Fisher relationship (TFR) has been shown to have a relatively small
observed scatter of ~ +/-0.35 mag implying an intrinsic scatter < +/-0.30 mag.
However, when the TFR is calibrated from distances derived from the Hubble
relation for field galaxies scatter is consistently found to be +/-0.64 to
+/-0.84 mag. This significantly larger scatter requires that intrinsic TFR
scatter is actually much larger than +/-0.30 mag, that field galaxies have an
intrinsic TFR scatter much larger than cluster spirals, or that field galaxies
have a velocity dispersion relative to the Hubble flow in excess of 1000 km
s-1. Each of these potential explanations faces difficulties contradicted by
available data and the results of previous studies. An alternative explanation
is that the measured redshifts of galaxies are composed of a cosmological
redshift component predicted from the value of the Hubble Constant and a
superimposed intrinsic redshift component previously identified in other
studies. This intrinsic redshift component may exceed 5000 km s-1 in individual
galaxies. In this alternative scenario a possible value for the Hubble Constant
is 55-60 km s-1 Mpc-1.Comment: 15 pages, Astrophysics&Space Science - Accepted for publicatio
Evolutionarily Conserved Histone Methylation Dynamics during Seed Life-Cycle Transitions
Plants have a remarkable ability to react to seasonal changes by synchronizing life-cycle transitions with environmental conditions. We addressed the question of how transcriptional re-programming occurs in response to an environmental cue that triggers the major life cycle transition from seed dormancy to germination and seedling growth. We elucidated an important mechanistic aspect of this process by following the chromatin dynamics of key regulatory genes with a focus on the two antagonistic marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Histone methylation patterns of major dormancy regulators changed during the transition to germination and seedling growth. We observed a switch from H3K4me3 and high transcription levels to silencing by the repressive H3K27me3 mark when dormancy was broken through exposure to moist chilling, underscoring that a functional PRC2 complex is necessary for this transition. Moreover, this reciprocal regulation by H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 is evolutionarily conserved from gymnosperms to angiosperms
On time dilation in quasar light curves
In this paper we set out to measure time dilation in quasar light curves. In
order to detect the effects of time dilation, sets of light curves from two
monitoring programmes are used to construct Fourier power spectra covering
timescales from 50 days to 28 years. Data from high and low redshift samples
are compared to look for the changes expected from time dilation. The main
result of the paper is that quasar light curves do not show the effects of time
dilation. Several explanations are discussed, including the possibility that
time dilation effects are exactly offset by an increase in timescale of
variation associated with black hole growth, or that the variations are caused
by microlensing in which case time dilation would not be expected.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Published
online 9 April 2010
Massive Coronae of Galaxies
There is reason to suspect that about half of the baryons are in
pressure-supported plasma in the halos of normal galaxies, drawn in by gravity
along with about half of the dark matter. To be consistent with the
observations this baryonic component, the corona, would have to be hotter than
the kinetic temperature of the dark matter in the halo so as to produce
acceptable central electron densities. We ascribe this hotter plasma
temperature to the addition of entropy prior to and during assembly of the
system, in an analogy to cluster formation. The plasma cooling time would be
longer than the gravitational collapse time but, in the inner parts, shorter
than the Hubble time, making the corona thermally unstable to the formation of
a cloudy structure that may be in line with what is indicated by quasar
absorption line systems. The corona of an isolated spiral galaxy would be a
source of soft X-ray and recombination radiation, adding to the more commonly
discussed effects of stars and supernovae. In this picture the mass in the
corona is much larger than the mass in condensed baryons in a spiral galaxy.
The corona thus would be a substantial reservoir of diffuse baryons that are
settling and adding to the mass in interstellar matter and stars, so that star
formation in isolated spirals will continue well beyond the present epoch.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
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